Evidence notes2023
10participants · exploratory mechanistic study
Can changing a frown change neural processing?
Interesting neuroscience, not evidence to promise improved mental health.
Read the study interpretation
Original publication ↗The evidence, with perspective
Good questions.
More considered answers.
Read the design behind the result. Explore clinical trials, human tissue studies and unexpected scientific questions, with the limitations kept in view.
11 selected study interpretations · Explore the original publications alongside each note
Evidence notes2020
150days of follow-up
Improvement and satisfaction follow different curves.
Always state which outcome remains improved at the quoted timepoint.
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Original publication ↗Evidence notes2022
64.7%composite responders at week 4
Why the definition of “responder” matters.
Compare endpoint definitions before comparing percentages.
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Original publication ↗Evidence notes2024
730treated participants across two trials
Studying the upper face as a whole.
Keep the randomized period separate from the extension when assessing certainty.
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Original publication ↗Evidence notes2015
24months · midface outcomes
What does “up to two years” mean?
State the anatomical site, endpoint and responder proportion with a duration claim.
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Original publication ↗Evidence notes2018
60participants · active-comparator trial
Less volume is not a universal dosing rule.
Keep lip fullness, aesthetic improvement and injected volume as separate measurements.
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Original publication ↗Evidence notes2014
24participants · human tissue study
A closer look at the collagen story.
Biological activity is an evidence layer, not a substitute for clinical outcomes.
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Original publication ↗Evidence notes2024
71.6%month-12 responders · both cheeks
Read the endpoint behind the headline.
Pair the responder rate with the treatment course and the actual comparator.
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Original publication ↗Evidence notes2014
114days · material-level evidence
A filler’s location inside the dermis matters.
Tissue integration should inform questions, not justify an untested claim of safer facial injection.
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Original publication ↗Evidence notes2025
371reported events · not a measured incidence
A reporting rate is not a complication rate.
Use surveillance to investigate signals; use prospective data to estimate event frequency.
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Original publication ↗Evidence notes2018
2–4sessions · not a guaranteed individual course
Count the course, not just the session.
Discuss the treatment course and assessment method alongside expected response.
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Original publication ↗